![]() ![]() NGF shows various pathologic properties in inflammatory models, which could be interesting in relation to allergic asthma as well (reviewed in Braun et al., 1999 2000). In addition to neurons, non-neuronal cells such as mast cells ( Leon et al., 1994), fibroblasts ( Hattori et al., 1994), T-cells ( Lambiase et al., 1997 Moalem et al., 2000), eosinophils ( Solomon et al., 1998) and lymphocytes ( Barouch et al., 2000) are able to synthesize NGF. Inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, tumour necrosis factor α, and interferon-γ have been shown to induce the release of NGF ( Brodie, 1996 Brodie et al., 1998 Hattori et al., 1994 Yoshida et al., 1992). Furthermore, allergen challenge induced an increase in NGF levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of sensitized mice ( Braun et al., 1998). In patients with allergic rhinitis a very fast increase in NGF in the nasal lavage fluids is found 10 min after allergen challenge ( Sanico et al., 2000). Moreover, an increase in the neurotrophins NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids after allergen challenge is reported in patients with asthma ( Virchow et al., 1998). Circulating NGF levels are increased in humans with rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria-angioedema or asthma NGF serum levels were particularly high in patients with allergic asthma ( Bonini et al., 1996). ![]() ![]() The neurotrophin NGF is a newly studied mediator in relation to allergic diseases ( Braun et al., 1998 de vries et al., 1999 Virchow et al., 1998). ![]()
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